2017 Physical Therapy Evaluation & Management Codes

As you know, 2017 brought us new evaluation and management codes for physical and occupational therapy. Now that we have had eight months to implement these codes, it is time to look at how you are doing through an audit of the documentation. When looking at the documentation, all of the basics of documentation did not change and are still required:

• Date of service
• Reason for encounter (establishes medical necessity)
• Relevant history and exam
• Patient's progress, response to treatment, changes in treatment
• Diagnoses
• Plan of care
• Legible identity and signature of provider

 What has changed is documentation required for the evaluation and re-evaluation of the patient for physical therapy coding. Prior to 2017, the coding was simple and there were no specific documentation requirements. In 2017 CPT introduced three levels of evaluation codes for Physical Therapy and three levels for Occupational Therapy. These include three initial evaluation levels and one level for a re-evaluation. In addition to the new codes, CPT added specific instructions as to what is included in each code. Translation: What needs to be documented to meet that level of service.

 At minimum, documentation should include:

• History
• Exam
• Clinical Decision Making
• Development of Plan of Care

 Sound familiar? The components sound similar to the codes in the Evaluation and Management Chapter of CPT; however, they are quite different. CPT guidelines do a great job in detailing what is required for each code and provide definitions to many of the terms they use in this section. Auditors should read these guidelines carefully before auditing 2017 physical therapy charts.

The Marshfield Clinic provided the industry with an audit sheet for E/M codes from the Evaluation and Management Chapter. Auditors should prepare a similar audit sheet to record their results for physical therapy. The American Physical Therapy Association has a very helpful reference table in grid format on their website. You can easily adapt that grid into an audit sheet/data collection tool for your reviews. The example below is for Physical Therapy and can be easily modified for Occupational Therapy auditing.

Though Medicare (CMS) has decided during the implementation year of 2017 to pay the same rate for each code; be assured this is only temporary and it is important that your documentation support the level you are coding and you are submitting the appropriate level of service. In other words, don't take the easy way out and code the same level for all of your patients because the payment is the same for all three codes. Medicare is analyzing the data you submit and future payments will be based on the 2017 data submitted. Always accurately and completely document the service provided and submit the appropriate code. The American Physical Therapy Association has published a helpful Quick Guide to the 3 Levels of Physical Therapy Evaluation. This guide includes a chart summarizing the requirements for reporting physical therapy services.

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